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This article is about the U.S. State. For other uses see Illinois .
| State of Illinois |
 |  | | Flag of Illinois | Seal | | Nickname: Land of Lincoln; The Prairie State | | Motto: State sovereignty national union | |
|
| Official language | English 1 |
| Demonym | Illinoisan |
| Capital | Springfield |
| Largest city | Chicago |
| Largest metro area | Chicagoland |
| Area | Ranked 25th in the US |
| - Total | 57918sqmi
|
| - Width | 210miles |
| - Length | 395miles |
| -% water | 4.0/ Negligible |
| - Latitude | 3658 N to 4230 N |
| - Longitude | 8730 W to 9131 W |
| Population | Ranked 5th in the US |
| - Total | 12852548 2 |
| - Density | 223.4/sqmi
Ranked 12th in the US |
| - Median income | 45787 3 |
| Elevation | |
| - Highest point | Charles Mound 4
1235ft |
| - Mean | 600ft |
| - Lowest point | Mississippi River 4
279ft |
| Admission to Union | December 3 1818 |
| Governor | Rod Blagojevich |
| Lieutenant Governor | Pat Quinn |
| U.S. Senators | Richard Durbin
Vacant |
| Congressional Delegation | List |
| Time zone | Central: UTC-6/ -5 |
| Abbreviations | IL Ill. US-IL |
| Website | www.illinois.gov |
| Ilinois State Symbols |
|---|
|
| Living symbols |
| - Amphibian | Eastern Tiger Salamander |
| - Bird | Cardinal |
| - Butterfly | Monarch Butterfly |
| - Fish | Bluegill |
| - Flower | Violet |
| - Grass | Big Bluestem |
| - Reptile | Painted Turtle |
| - Tree | White oak |
| Mineral | Fluorite |
| Slogan | Land of Lincoln |
| Song | Illinois |
| Route marker |  |
| Quarter | 
2003 |
| See also |
The State of Illinois roughly ill-i-NOY is a state of the United States of America the 21st to be admitted to the Union. Illinois is the most populous and demographically diverse 5 Midwestern state and the fifth most populous in the nation. With Chicago in the northeast small industrial cities and great agricultural productivity in central and western Illinois and natural resources like coal timber and petroleum in the south Illinois has a broad economic base. Illinois is an important transportation hub; the Port of Chicago connects the Great Lakes to the Mississippi River via the Illinois River. Illinois is often viewed as a microcosm of the United States; an Associated Press analysis of 21 demographic factors found Illinois the "most average state" 6 while Peoria has long been a proverbial social and cultural bellwether.
Nearly 66% of the population resides in the northeastern corner of the state primarily within the city of Chicago and the surrounding metropolitan areas.
With a population near 40000 between 1300 and 1400 AD the Mississippian city of Cahokia in what is now southern Illinois was the largest city within the future United States until it was surpassed by New York City between 1790 and 1800. About 2000 Native American hunters and a small number of French villagers inhabited the Illinois area at the time of the American Revolution. 7 American settlers began arriving from Kentucky in the 1810s; they achieved statehood in 1818. The future metropolis of Chicago was founded in the 1830s on the banks of the Chicago River one of the only natural harbors on southern Lake Michigan. 8 Railroads and John Deeres invention of the self-scouring steel plow made central Illinois rich prairie into some of the worlds most productive and valuable farmlands attracting immigrant farmers from Germany and Sweden. Northern Illinois provided major support for Illinoisans Abraham Lincoln and Ulysses S. Grant during the American Civil War. By 1900 the growth of industry in northern cities and coal mining in central and southern areas attracted immigrants from Eastern and Southern Europe and made the state a major arsenal in both world wars. African-Americans migrating to Chicago from the rural South formed a large and important community which created the citys famous jazz and blues cultures.
